John Avery, original name Henry Every, also called Captain Bridgeman, or Long Ben, (born
c. 1653, Cat Down,
Plymouth, Eng.—died after 1696,
Bideford, Devonshire), one of Britain’s most renowned pirates of the late 17th century, and the model for
Daniel Defoe’s hero in
Life, Adventures, and Pyracies, of the Famous Captain Singleton (1720).
Avery reputedly served in the
Royal Navy and on merchantmen, as well as on
buccaneer and slave ships, before beginning a life of
piracy about 1691. In 1694, joining a ship in the service of Spain, he helped plot a
mutiny and was elected captain of his new pirate ship, renamed the
Fancy. In 1695, after preying on various ships en route around Africa, the
Fancy was joined by other pirate ships, and under Avery’s leadership, the small fleet sailed to the mouth of the
Red Sea, where they plundered the Indian Mughal government’s Mocha fleet, which was returning from
Mecca. Avery then sailed to the Bahamas, where his ship was either sold or driven ashore in a storm and destroyed.
In the meantime the Mughal government, outraged by Avery’s depredations, had retaliated by closing some of the (English)
East India Company’s trading stations in India. The English now offered large bounties for the
apprehension of Avery and his fellow pirates. The crew scattered, with some settling in the Americas, while Avery and others returned to
England, where most of them were captured and hanged or banished. Avery himself eluded capture and disappeared, though one story asserts that he was cheated by some
Bristol merchants and subsequently died in poverty.
